The current chapter summarizes psychological reactance theory brehm, 1966 which can explain why people sometimes fight back, meaning that they do the opposite of what they are supposed to do or resist the social influence of others. Narcissistic reactance theory in social psychology iresearchnet. As a research grunt at a local television station, abby baker tends to blend into the background. Reactance is a psychological motive to reassert ones sense of freedom when freedom has been denied. Larger reactance leads to smaller currents for the same voltage applied. Wicklund, consumer behavior and psychological reactance, journal of consumer research, volume 6, issue 4, march 1980. Article information, pdf download for reactance theory.
Inductive reactance because it is the reaction of the inductor to the changing value of alternating current. The purpose of this study is to examine psychological reactance in response to graphic cigarette warning labels and to strengthen and expand on the current literature by using validated measures. Reactance theory suggests that attempting to prevent alcohol consumption among. The inductive reactance is found directly from the expression x l 2. Quick and others published reactance theory and persuasion find, read and cite all the. According to the theory when an individual feels forced into a certain behavior, they will react against the coercion. A theory of psychological reactance, academic press. Resistance is unaffected by the rate of change of voltage or current and remains the same whether dc, or ac of any frequency is applied.
In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. Most importantly, it elaborates on the value of reactance by explaining how reactance connects to the. For this reason, the two reactances are combined together and the sum. Examining the role of trait reactance and sensation. Psychological reactance theory offers valuable guidance, particularly when addressing sensitive, reactant populations. A variety of authority figures and consequences can restrict this freedom. Apr 09, 2016 psychological mind reading experiment. Coates 2007 2017 inductors introduction inductors are components that are simple in their construction, consisting of coils of insulated copper wire wound around a former that will have some type of core at its centre. If the member of the aclu feels free to hold any of several positions along the human rights continuum, then this person will also experience reactance when a forceful communicator insists that the only correct opinion is a totally liberal one. This leads to inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. Inductive reactance is associated with the magnetic field that surrounds a wire or a coil carrying a current. Examining the role of trait reactance and sensation seeking. Psychological reactance and persuasive healthcommunication. Chapter 31 alternating current phasors and alternating currents resistance and reactance magneticfield energy the lrc series circuit power in alternatingcurrent circuits resonance in alternatingcurrent circuits transformers.
Reactance theory is still considered to be one of the basic psychological theories. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. The purpose of this study is to examine psychological reactance in response to graphic cigarette warning labels and to strengthen and expand on. Circuit theoryimpedance wikibooks, open books for an open. Recent social influence research utilizing psychological reactance theory j.
Psychological reactance scale development and test of its. Resistance, reactance and impedance a primer douglas brooks, phd ultracad design, inc. Psychological reactance a theory of freedom and control pdf. Reactance article about reactance by the free dictionary. The theory describing a motivational state consisting of distress, anxiety and desire to restore freedoms taken away when an individual responds to a perceived threat or to loss of a freedom. By integrating psychological reactance theory and colorincontext theory, we predicted that reactance would be greater after viewing a. Journal of personality and social psychology, 36 1978, pp. Reactance comes from solving the terminal relations in the phasor domaincomplex frequency domain as ratios of vi.
Reactance also makes a phase difference between the current phase and voltage phase. The answer comes from the approachavoid dynamics of social influence assumed by reactance theory, which proposes that influence attempts create forces to comply and forces to react s. Both the magnetization reactance and the leakage reactance are present at the same time. Manipulation revealed reactance theory, psychology duration. Reactance is similar to electric resistance, but it differs in several respects. The theory describing a motivational state consisting of distress, anxiety and desire to restore freedoms taken away when an individual responds to a perce. Research in social influence demonstrates that individuals often move in the direction demanded by a leader obedience or modeled by a majority conformity, and cognitive dissonance theory suggests that individuals will depreciate the items and activities that are denied them sour grapes. At first, the structure of trait reactance was proposed according to the psychological reactance theory prt and analysis on the related references included three main measurements of trait reactance, which were questionnaire for the measurement. A theory of freedom and control provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of reactance theory. Difference between resistance and reactance compare the.
Psychological reactance theory is a commonly relied upon framework for understanding audience members resistance to persuasive health. To develop a questionnaire of psychological reactance and test its reliability and validity. Psychological reactance a theory of freedom and control pdf pdf psychological reactance theory prt. For a behavior to be free, the individual must have the relevant physical and psychological abilities to partake in it, and must know they can engage in it at the moment, or in the near future. The demon you know a novel of the others, christine warren, may 1, 2007, fiction, 352 pages. Psychological reactance and promotional health messages. Silvia university of north carolina at greensboro on the basis of the approachavoid dynamics assumed by reactance theory s. Most of us are familiar with resistance at least we think we are. In particular, if a coil rotates in the presence of a magnetic. The role of similarity in deflecting reactancesilvia increasing compliance and reducing resistance paul j. Reactance theory assumes there are free behaviors individuals perceive and can take part in at any given moment. Using psychological reactance theory, we examine why facebook users avoid ads. Combining capacitive reactances is opposite to the way capacitances are combined.
The narcissistic reactance theory of sexual coercion and rape explains how the personality of rapists intersects with situational factors to produce reactance. It is rather difficult to separate one reactance from the other. A theory of psychological reactance, 1966, jack williams. A variety of studies have provided interesting new. This reaction is often exemplified by an increased desire for the behavior that is now. We present an overview of research that has been done since then. Part 2, reactance this is part 2 of a 3part series on resistance, reactance and impedance. Promotional influence, manipulative advertisements, product unavailability, and government regulations are all cast as potentially freedomthreatening events, and a theory of psychological reactance details the consumers reply to reductions in freedom.
Brehm, posits that when something or eliminates peoples freedom of behavior, they experience psychological reactance, sense of lost control or surrender wortman and. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. The units of reactance, like those of impedance, are ohms. Are graphic cigarette warning labels an effective message. As you know, the induced voltage in a conductor is proportional to the rate at which magnetic lines of force cut the conductor. Chapter 31 alternating current phasors and alternating currents resistance and reactance magneticfield energy the lrc series circuit. Reactance also occurs for short intervals when direct current is changing as it approaches or departs from steady flow, for example, when switches are closed or opened. Capacitive reactances capacitive reactance is an opposition to ac, so series or parallel reactances are combined in the same way as resistances. However, despite the allure of cognitive consistency and the. For a behavior to be free, the individual must have the relevant physical and psychological abilities to partake in it, and must know they can engage in it. This effect is called inductance and is given the symbol l. Reactance is the property of resisting or impeding the flow of ac current or ac voltage in inductors and capacitors.
Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Brehm, 1966 has focused on how reactance motivates message rejection due to threats to perceived. Wicklund, 1974 has often been called upon to explain the failure of persuasive. Brehm, 1966 has focused on how reactance motivates message rejection due to threats to perceived freedoms posed by controlling language. Deflecting reactance how can reactance be prevented in the face of threats to freedom. Motivation and emotionbook2017reactance wikiversity. When an ac supply is fed to inductor then an emf will be induced in such a way that current produced by the induced emf opposes the change in the magnetic flux lenzs law so inductance may be viewed as electrical inertia it doesnt oppose the c. When people feel that their freedom to choose an action is threatened, they get an unpleasant feeling called reactance. Reactance theory suggests that attempting to prevent alcohol consumption among underage college students will create reactance motivation and lead to increased drinking among such students.
Reactance theory is something that probably happens to everyone, even if we dont know what it is. Reactance, in electricity, measure of the opposition that a circuit or a part of a circuit presents to electric current insofar as the current is varying or alternating. Note particularly we speak of alternating current only ac, which expression includes audio af and radio frequencies rf. Psychological reactance theory prt was formulated in the mid1960s but continues to be developed and has wideranging relevance. Reactance, compliance, and anticipated regret sciencedirect.
This chapter explores the psychological consequences associated with highcontrolling language, and discusses how reactance may also be affected by regulatory fit higgins 2000 associated with concrete vs abstract language. Jun 07, 2017 while the resistance is independent of the frequency of ac, reactance changes with the frequency of ac. Examples of situations where reactance has particular relevance include compliance with. Steady electric currents flowing along conductors in one direction undergo opposition called electrical resistance, but no reactance. Consumer behavior and psychological reactance journal of. Psychological reactance theory was first proposed by the social psychologist jack brehm in 1966. The theory of psychological reactance suggests that individuals have a basic need for selfdetermination in affecting their own lives brehm, 1966. A theory of psychological reactance brehm pdf psychological reactance. Antecedents and outcomes of psychological reactance. In electric and electronic systems, reactance is the opposition of a circuit element to the flow of current due to that elements inductance or capacitance.
Reactance, autonomy and paths to persuasion selfdetermination. Although reactance has been shown to increase message rejection and source derogation, persuasive appeals employing alternative. What is the role of reactance in an electrical power. Theory and examples reactance occurs as a result of a persons drive to protect his or her own perceived personal freedom. This book discusses a number of special topic areas to which the reactance theory seems especially relevant. Since july of 1987, it has been illegal throughout the usa for those under 21 yr.
Inductive reactance is measured in ohms and its symbol is x l. This is the difference between resistance and reactance. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. But for reactance theory, the actual direction of such social pressure is not a terribly critical factor.
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